![]() New laws against organized crime, corruption, drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling have also been adopted in most countries and territories of the region. For most countries and territories of the region this also applies to their criminal justice systems, where reform has manifested itself through the adoption of a series of new criminal laws, criminal procedure codes and institutional reorganization. These have been instrumental in structuring and advancing reform processes. Within the EU Stabilisation and Association Process, the EU has signed individual European Partnership agreements with the Western Balkan states that lay out priority actions for closer EU integration. The aim of EU integration and eventual membership has been a powerful factor in shaping and driving reform processes. In addition to desk-based research conducted by the project partners, the background reports have benefited from the input of a local focal point appointed in each of the project countries or territories. The background reports aim to develop a broad outline of existing crime and criminal justice data collection systems and capacity within the context of the structure of the justice and home affairs institutions in each of the participating countries or territories. ![]() The profiles present what is known and what has been achieved to date, offering a starting point for debate and engagement with the project countries and territories. The report, which consists of a background research profile for each of the project countries or territories presented in alphabetical order, represents a starting point for further research. In other terms, the persecution of gypsies and the criminalization of migrants is currently written into a neoliberal/neoconservative political framework based on the asymmetry of power and wealth between actors that are all-powerful, and weak ones who have no rights and/or are reduced to the state of ‘non-persons’. Hence, it will be argued here, in the current racist approach that characterizes the management of societies we can find that there are overlaps with the discourses and practices applied to colonized peoples and the subordinate classes in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. ![]() The war against outsiders, against those who are different, may thus be considered one of the ‘total political facts’ that pervades a society through discourses, rhetoric and practices that consolidate a real or supposed majority. The latter is in fact nourished by the fear and the insecurity attributed to such an enemy to justify practices of power that blend all sorts of prohibitionism, protectionism and authoritarianism, which also target the weaker segments of the indigenous population. The contributions collected in this volume show the most elementary mechanism of social control, emerging as being useful, if not indispensable, to the solidity and/or realignment of political cohesion. 028300 financed by the European Commission). Palidda at the Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche of Genoa University, in the framework of Workpackage 3, ‘Processes of criminalization and (de)criminalization’, of the Crimprev Programme (Assessing Deviance, Crime and Prevention in Europe–Coordination Action – 6th FWP – Contract No. This book collects some contributions proposed for the workshop ‘Criminalization and victimization of immigrants in Europe’, organized by S.
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